Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Difference between revisions
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**[[Diabetes]] | **[[Diabetes]] | ||
*Prolonged gastric emptying | *Prolonged gastric emptying | ||
**Anticholinergics | **[[Anticholinergics]] | ||
**Outlet obstruction | **Outlet obstruction | ||
**Diabetic gastroparesis | **Diabetic gastroparesis | ||
*High-fat food | *High-fat food | ||
== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Pain and discomfort with meals | *Pain and discomfort with or right after meals | ||
**typically described as burning pain | |||
**often worse when lying flat | |||
*[[Chest pain]] with features similar to [[ACS]]: | *[[Chest pain]] with features similar to [[ACS]]: | ||
**Exertional, associated with diaphoresis, nausea/[[vomiting]], radiating to arm | **Exertional, associated with diaphoresis, nausea/[[vomiting]], radiating to arm | ||
===Pediatric GERD=== | |||
*Reflux is physiologic in infants | |||
*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as: | |||
**failure to thrive/weight loss | |||
**esophagitis | |||
**respiratory disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent pneumonia, apnea | |||
**[[BRUE]] | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods) | |||
*Sleep with head of bed elevated | |||
*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep | |||
*[[PPI]] or [[H2 blocker]] | |||
*Infants: small frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds | |||
**medications only if significant complications | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
Revision as of 19:41, 4 October 2016
Background
- Affects up to 20% of population
- Assume chest pain is cardiac origin until proven otherwise
Causes
- Decreased pressure of lower esophageal sphincter
- High-fat food
- Nicotine
- Ethanol
- Caffeine
- Meds (mintrates, calcium-channel blockers, anticholinergics, progesterone/estrogen)
- Pregnancy
- Decreased esophageal motility
- Achalasia
- Scleroderma
- Diabetes
- Prolonged gastric emptying
- Anticholinergics
- Outlet obstruction
- Diabetic gastroparesis
- High-fat food
Clinical Features
- Pain and discomfort with or right after meals
- typically described as burning pain
- often worse when lying flat
- Chest pain with features similar to ACS:
- Exertional, associated with diaphoresis, nausea/vomiting, radiating to arm
Pediatric GERD
- Reflux is physiologic in infants
- Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:
Differential Diagnosis
Epigastric Pain
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Peptic ulcer disease with or without perforation
- Gastritis
- Pancreatitis
- Gallbladder disease
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Splenic Infarctionenlargement/rupture/aneurysm
- Pericarditis/Myocarditis
- Aortic dissection
- Hepatitis
- Pyelonephritis
- Pneumonia
- Pyogenic liver abscess
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
- Hepatomegaly due to CHF
- Bowel obstruction
- SMA syndrome
- Pulmonary embolism
- Bezoar
- Ingested foreign body
Management
- Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods)
- Sleep with head of bed elevated
- Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep
- PPI or H2 blocker
- Infants: small frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds
- medications only if significant complications
Disposition
- Home (outpatient treatment)