Pelvic ultrasound (transvaginal) - Revision history

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2019-12-17T21:39:58Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:39, 17 December 2019
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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Blausen 0732 PID-Sites.png\|thumb\|Pelvic anatomy.]]
	*Also known as endovaginal ultrasound		*Also known as endovaginal ultrasound
	*Used to evaluate female reproductive organs including uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina		*Used to evaluate female reproductive organs including uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina

	==Indications==		==Indications==
	===General===		===General===

ClaireLewis: /* References */

2019-10-14T14:59:20Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 14 October 2019
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	[[Category:Ultrasound]]		[[Category:Ultrasound]]
	[[Category:Radiology]]		[[Category:Radiology]]
			[[Category:OBGYN]]

ClaireLewis at 18:27, 4 October 2019

2019-10-04T18:27:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:27, 4 October 2019
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	*Collapsed gestational sac		*Collapsed gestational sac
	*Pseudogestational sac		*Pseudogestational sac
	**Endometrial breakdown during ectopic pregnancy		**Endometrial breakdown during [[ectopic pregnancy]]
	**May be erroneously interpreted as true gestational sac in ectopic pregnancy		**May be erroneously interpreted as true gestational sac in ectopic pregnancy
	**Irregularly shaped		**Irregularly shaped
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	*Absence of fetal heart beat in embryo with CRL >5mm		*Absence of fetal heart beat in embryo with CRL >5mm
	*FHR <90 bpm		*FHR <90 bpm
	*Molar pregnancy		*[[Molar pregnancy]]
	**Many small, irregular cystic structures in endometrium		**Many small, irregular cystic structures in endometrium
	**"Snowstorm appearance"		**"Snowstorm appearance"
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	====[[Ectopic pregnancy]]====		====[[Ectopic pregnancy]]====

	*Implantation of blastocyst outside of endometrium		*Implantation of blastocyst outside of endometrium
	*Occur in fallopian tubes, cervix, ovaries, peritoneal cavity, or scar of prior uterine surgery		*Occur in fallopian tubes, cervix, ovaries, peritoneal cavity, or scar of prior uterine surgery
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	**Cystic neoplasms		**Cystic neoplasms
	**Cystadenomas		**Cystadenomas
	**Polycystic ovarian ~~syndome~~		**Polycystic ovarian syndrome
	*Sonographic signs associated with torsion		*Sonographic signs associated with torsion
	**Enlarged ovary from edema, engorgement, hemorrhage		**Enlarged ovary from edema, engorgement, hemorrhage

ClaireLewis at 20:08, 17 September 2019

2019-09-17T20:08:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:08, 17 September 2019
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	==Indications==		==Indications==
	===General===		===General===
	*Pelvic pain		*[[Pelvic pain]]
	*Abnormal pelvic or abdominal exam		*Abnormal pelvic or abdominal exam

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	*Hydrosalpinx		*Hydrosalpinx

	===Pregnancy===		===[[Pregnancy]]===
	*Confirm intrauterine pregnancy		*Confirm intrauterine pregnancy
	*Gestational dating		*Gestational dating
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	**Typically don't cause complications		**Typically don't cause complications

	===Pregnancy (1st trimester)===		===[[Pregnancy]] (1st trimester)===

	*4-5 weeks		*4-5 weeks
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	*Gestational sac >18mm without fetal pole		*Gestational sac >18mm without fetal pole
	*Collapsed gestational sac		*Collapsed gestational sac
	*~~Pseudgestational~~ sac		*Pseudogestational sac
	**Endometrial breakdown during ectopic pregnancy		**Endometrial breakdown during ectopic pregnancy
	**May be erroneously interpreted as true gestational sac in ectopic pregnancy		**May be erroneously interpreted as true gestational sac in ectopic pregnancy
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	====Ectopic pregnancy====		====[[Ectopic pregnancy]]====

	*Implantation of blastocyst outside of endometrium		*Implantation of blastocyst outside of endometrium
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	===Ovarian Torsion===		===[[Ovarian Torsion]]===
	*Bimodal age distribution: young women (15-30yo) and post-menopausal women		*Bimodal age distribution: young women (15-30yo) and post-menopausal women
	*Typically occur in enlarged ovaries (>5cm)		*Typically occur in enlarged ovaries (>5cm)

Hirokoa33 at 22:41, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T22:41:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 19 October 2017
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	File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cystadenoma		File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cystadenoma
	File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst with blood clot		File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst with blood clot
	File: ovarian_torsion.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts (torsion)		File: ovarian_torsion 1.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts (torsion)
	File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms (torsion)		File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms (torsion)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Hirokoa33 at 22:37, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T22:37:22Z

@@ Line 170: / Line 170: @@
 **Can cause life-threatening hemorrhage
 **Must distinguish between cervical ectopic and spontaneous abortion at level of cervix:
-______
+{| {{table}}
 <gallery mode="packed">

Hirokoa33 at 22:03, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T22:03:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 19 October 2017
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	==Pearls and Pitfalls==		==Pearls and Pitfalls==
	*Free pelvic fluid with positive hCG is ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise		*Free pelvic fluid with positive hCG is ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise
	*~~Normal~~ doppler flow cannot rule out ovarian torsion		*Presence of doppler flow cannot rule out ovarian torsion

	==Documentation==		==Documentation==
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	*www.radiopaedia.org		*www.radiopaedia.org
	*www.acep.org/sonoguide		*www.acep.org/sonoguide
			*www.fetalultrasound.com

	[[Category:Ultrasound]]		[[Category:Ultrasound]]
	[[Category:Radiology]]		[[Category:Radiology]]

Hirokoa33 at 22:01, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T22:01:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:01, 19 October 2017
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	===~~Adnexa~~===		===Ovaries===
			*Physiologic cysts present
			**<3 cm diameter
			**Ovarian follicle or corpus luteum
			**Typically don't cause complications

	===Pregnancy (1st trimester)===		===Pregnancy (1st trimester)===
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	File:interstitial pregnancy.png\|Interstitial pregnancy		File:interstitial pregnancy.png\|Interstitial pregnancy
	File:cervical ectopic.jpg\|Cervical pregnancy		File:cervical ectopic.jpg\|Cervical pregnancy
	~~</gallery>~~

	~~===Ovarian Cysts===~~
	*Physiologic cysts
	**<3cm diameter
	**Ovarian follicle or corpus luteum
	**Typically don't cause complications
	*Functional cysts
	**May produce hormones
	**Are associated with complications: enlargement, hemorrhage, rupture, torsion

	~~<gallery mode="packed">~~
	~~File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cyst~~
	~~File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic cyst with blood clot~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">
	File: ovarian_torsion.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts		File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cystadenoma
	File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms		File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst with blood clot
			File: ovarian_torsion.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts (torsion)
			File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms (torsion)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Hirokoa33 at 21:35, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T21:35:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 19 October 2017
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	==Pearls and Pitfalls==		==Pearls and Pitfalls==
			*Free pelvic fluid with positive hCG is ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise
	*Normal doppler flow cannot rule out ovarian torsion		*Normal doppler flow cannot rule out ovarian torsion

Hirokoa33 at 21:33, 19 October 2017

2017-10-19T21:33:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 19 October 2017
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	*Functional cysts		*Functional cysts
	**May produce hormones		**May produce hormones
	**Are associated with complications: hemorrhage~~, enlargement~~, rupture, torsion		**Are associated with complications: enlargement, hemorrhage, rupture, torsion

	<gallery mode="packed">		<gallery mode="packed">
	File:simple_cyst.jpg\|~~Simple~~ ovarian cyst		File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cyst
	File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic cyst with blood clot		File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic cyst with blood clot
	</gallery>		</gallery>
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
			*www.radiopaedia.org
			*www.acep.org/sonoguide

	[[Category:Ultrasound]]		[[Category:Ultrasound]]
	[[Category:Radiology]]		[[Category:Radiology]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 19 October 2017
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	File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cystadenoma		File:simple_cyst.jpg\|Large ovarian cystadenoma
	File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst with blood clot		File:hemorrhagic_cyst.jpg\|Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst with blood clot
	File: ovarian_torsion.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts (torsion)		File: ovarian_torsion 1.png\|Large midline ovary with multiple peripherally located follicular cysts (torsion)
	File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms (torsion)		File:absent_waveforms.png\|Absent color doppler and venous and arterial waveforms (torsion)
	</gallery>		</gallery>