Glomerulonephritis - Revision history

Danbot: Strip excess bold

2026-03-22T09:32:02Z

Strip excess bold

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 22 March 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	*Glomerulonephritis (GN) = inflammation of the glomeruli, characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and often RBC casts		*Glomerulonephritis (GN) = inflammation of the glomeruli, characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and often RBC casts
	*Presents as ~~'''~~nephritic syndrome~~'''~~: hematuria, hypertension, edema, oliguria, mild-moderate proteinuria, elevated creatinine		*Presents as nephritic syndrome: hematuria, hypertension, edema, oliguria, mild-moderate proteinuria, elevated creatinine
	*Distinguished from nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia)		*Distinguished from nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia)
	*Most common cause in children: ~~'''~~post-streptococcal GN~~'''~~ (typically self-limited)		*Most common cause in children: post-streptococcal GN (typically self-limited)
	*In adults: IgA nephropathy is most common worldwide		*In adults: IgA nephropathy is most common worldwide
	{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}		{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	*~~'''~~[[Urinalysis]]~~'''~~: hematuria, proteinuria, ~~'''~~RBC casts~~'''~~ (pathognomonic for GN)		*[[Urinalysis]]: hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts (pathognomonic for GN)
	*[[BMP]]: creatinine, BUN, electrolytes (hyperkalemia from renal failure)		*[[BMP]]: creatinine, BUN, electrolytes (hyperkalemia from renal failure)
	*[[CBC]]: anemia (HUS, chronic disease), thrombocytopenia (HUS/TTP, SLE)		*[[CBC]]: anemia (HUS, chronic disease), thrombocytopenia (HUS/TTP, SLE)
	*Albumin (reduced in nephrotic features)		*Albumin (reduced in nephrotic features)
	*~~'''~~Complement levels~~'''~~: low C3 (post-strep GN, MPGN, lupus), low C3 + C4 (lupus)		*Complement levels: low C3 (post-strep GN, MPGN, lupus), low C3 + C4 (lupus)
	*ASO titer, anti-DNase B (post-streptococcal)		*ASO titer, anti-DNase B (post-streptococcal)
	*ANA, anti-dsDNA (lupus nephritis)		*ANA, anti-dsDNA (lupus nephritis)
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	==Management==		==Management==
	*~~'''~~Hypertension control~~'''~~: most important acute intervention — risk of hypertensive encephalopathy/seizures		*Hypertension control: most important acute intervention — risk of hypertensive encephalopathy/seizures
	*Fluid/sodium restriction for edema and volume overload		*Fluid/sodium restriction for edema and volume overload
	*Diuretics ([[furosemide]]) for significant edema or pulmonary congestion		*Diuretics ([[furosemide]]) for significant edema or pulmonary congestion

Danbot: Expanded with concise EM-focused content: nephritic syndrome features, complement-based workup, BP management, RPGN urgency

2026-03-21T00:34:18Z

Expanded with concise EM-focused content: nephritic syndrome features, complement-based workup, BP management, RPGN urgency

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:34, 21 March 2026
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	==Background==		==Background==
	*~~Characterized~~ by [[hematuria]] and [[proteinuria]]		*Glomerulonephritis (GN) = inflammation of the glomeruli, characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and often RBC casts
			*Presents as '''nephritic syndrome''': hematuria, hypertension, edema, oliguria, mild-moderate proteinuria, elevated creatinine
			*Distinguished from nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia)
			*Most common cause in children: '''post-streptococcal GN''' (typically self-limited)
			*In adults: IgA nephropathy is most common worldwide
	{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}		{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}

	==Clinical ~~Presentation~~==		==Clinical Features==
	*~~History~~		*Cola/tea-colored urine (glomerular hematuria)
	**Recent URI or skin infection (~~strep~~)		*Periorbital or peripheral edema
	**[[Rash]], [[~~arthralgia~~]] ~~(HSP, SLE~~)		*Hypertension (often the presenting finding)
	**[[Fever~~]],~~ [[~~vomiting~~]]~~, [[diarrhea]] (HUS~~)		*Oliguria
	*~~Often associated~~ with ~~hypertension~~		*Recent URI or skin infection 1-3 weeks prior (post-streptococcal)
			*Rash + arthralgia (HSP/IgA vasculitis, [[SLE]])
			*Fever + bloody diarrhea → anemia + thrombocytopenia (consider [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]])
			*Hemoptysis + renal failure (pulmonary-renal syndrome: Goodpasture, granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	~~===Work-Up===~~		*'''[[Urinalysis]]''': hematuria, proteinuria, '''RBC casts''' (pathognomonic for GN)
	*[[Urinalysis]]		*[[BMP]]: creatinine, BUN, electrolytes (hyperkalemia from renal failure)
	*~~CBC~~		*[[CBC]]: anemia (HUS, chronic disease), thrombocytopenia (HUS/TTP, SLE)
	*~~Chemistry~~		*Albumin (reduced in nephrotic features)
	*Albumin (~~often~~ reduced in ~~acute glomerulonephritis~~)		*'''Complement levels''': low C3 (post-strep GN, MPGN, lupus), low C3 + C4 (lupus)
	*C3, C4, ~~ASO~~		*ASO titer, anti-DNase B (post-streptococcal)
			*ANA, anti-dsDNA (lupus nephritis)
	~~===Diagnosis===~~		*ANCA (vasculitis)
	*[[~~Hematuria~~]]~~, [[proteinuria]], RBC casts~~		*Anti-GBM antibodies (Goodpasture)
			*Peripheral smear if HUS suspected (schistocytes)
			*[[CXR]] if pulmonary-renal syndrome suspected

	==Management==		==Management==
	*~~Defer to nephrologist~~		*'''Hypertension control''': most important acute intervention — risk of hypertensive encephalopathy/seizures
			*Fluid/sodium restriction for edema and volume overload
			*Diuretics ([[furosemide]]) for significant edema or pulmonary congestion
			*Treat hyperkalemia if present
			*'''Do not delay empiric treatment''' for rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) — high-dose IV corticosteroids while awaiting biopsy results
			*Nephrology consultation for all suspected GN
			*Specific therapy depends on etiology (immunosuppression, plasmapheresis for Goodpasture/ANCA, supportive care for post-strep)

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
	*~~Coordinate~~ with ~~nephrologist~~		*Admit: significant renal impairment, severe hypertension, pulmonary edema, suspected RPGN, HUS
			*Discharge: mild post-strep GN with controlled BP and stable renal function — close nephrology follow-up within 24-48 hours
			*Return precautions: decreased urine output, swelling, headache, visual changes, blood in urine

			==See Also==
			*[[Hematuria]]
			*[[Hematuria (peds)]]
			*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
			*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]

	==References==		==References==

Rossdonaldson1 at 12:53, 14 May 2022

2022-05-14T12:53:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 14 May 2022
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	{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}		{{Glomerulonephritis causes}}

	==~~Clincal~~ Presentation==		==Clinical Presentation==
	*History		*History
	**Recent URI or skin infection (strep)		**Recent URI or skin infection (strep)
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	**[[Fever]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] (HUS)		**[[Fever]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] (HUS)
	*Often associated with hypertension		*Often associated with hypertension
	*[[Hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], RBC casts

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
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	*C3, C4, ASO		*C3, C4, ASO

			===Diagnosis===
			*[[Hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], RBC casts

	==Management==		==Management==
	Defer to nephrologist		*Defer to nephrologist

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==
	Coordinate with nephrologist		*Coordinate with nephrologist

	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>


	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]
	[[Category:Renal]]		[[Category:Renal]]

ClaireLewis at 03:11, 13 November 2016

2016-11-13T03:11:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:11, 13 November 2016
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	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]
			[[Category:Renal]]

Rossdonaldson1: Text replacement - "UA" to "Urinalysis"

2016-10-02T14:19:37Z

Text replacement - "*UA" to "*Urinalysis"

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 2 October 2016
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	===Work-Up===		===Work-Up===
	*UA		*[[Urinalysis]]
	*CBC		*CBC
	*Chemistry		*Chemistry

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

2016-07-22T05:26:28Z

Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:26, 22 July 2016
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	{{Hematuria DDX}}		{{Hematuria DDX}}

	==~~Diagnosis~~==		==Evaluation==
	===Work-Up===		===Work-Up===
	*UA		*UA

ClaireLewis: /* Clincal Presentation */

2016-07-13T08:29:15Z

Clincal Presentation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 13 July 2016
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	*History		*History
	**Recent URI or skin infection (strep)		**Recent URI or skin infection (strep)
	**[[Rash]], arthralgia (HSP, SLE)		**[[Rash]], [[arthralgia]] (HSP, SLE)
	**[[Fever]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] (HUS)		**[[Fever]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] (HUS)
	*Often ~~a/w HTN~~		*Often associated with hypertension
	*[[Hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], RBC casts		*[[Hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], RBC casts

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Treatment==" to "==Management=="

2016-07-10T14:28:15Z

Text replacement - "==Treatment==" to "==Management=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, 10 July 2016
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	==~~Treatment~~==		==Management==
	Defer to nephrologist		Defer to nephrologist

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "Tintinalli" to ""

2016-06-28T04:34:58Z

Text replacement - "Tintinalli" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 28 June 2016
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>
	~~Tintinalli~~

	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Source==" to "==References== "

2016-06-25T22:24:43Z

Text replacement - "==Source==" to "==References== <references/>"

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 25 June 2016
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	Coordinate with nephrologist		Coordinate with nephrologist

	==~~Source~~==		==References==
			<references/>
	Tintinalli		Tintinalli

	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]