Achalasia - Revision history

Ostermayer: Marked this version for translation

2026-01-06T16:54:08Z

Marked this version for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:54, 6 January 2026
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	==Background==		==Background== <!--T:1-->

			<!--T:2-->
	[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]		[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
	[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]		[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
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	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features== <!--T:3-->

			<!--T:4-->
	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysphagia\|Dysphagia]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysphagia\|Dysphagia]]
	*Regurgitation		*Regurgitation
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	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis== <!--T:5-->

			<!--T:6-->
	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]
	*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''		*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''
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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation== <!--T:7-->

			<!--T:8-->
	*Upper GI		*Upper GI
	**Esophageal dilatation		**Esophageal dilatation
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	==Management==		==Management== <!--T:9-->

			<!--T:10-->
	*Trial of antispasmodic for esophageal spasm		*Trial of antispasmodic for esophageal spasm
	**[[Special:MyLanguage/Nifedipine\|Nifedipine]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Nifedipine\|Nifedipine]]
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	==Disposition==		==Disposition== <!--T:11-->


	==See Also==		==See Also== <!--T:12-->

			<!--T:13-->
	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]



	==External Links==		==External Links== <!--T:14-->


	==References==		==References== <!--T:15-->

			<!--T:16-->
	<references/>		<references/>

			<!--T:17-->
	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]

	</translate>		</translate>

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T21:33:31Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 4 January 2026
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	<languages/>		<languages/>
	<translate>		<translate>


	==Background==		==Background==
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	*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state		*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state
	of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>		of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>



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	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Chest pain\|Chest pain]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Chest pain\|Chest pain]]
	**Esophageal spasm can feel like tight, crushing retrosternal pain similar to ACS		**Esophageal spasm can feel like tight, crushing retrosternal pain similar to ACS



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	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Connective tissue disorders\|Connective tissue disorders]] - ''e.g. [[Special:MyLanguage/scleroderma\|systemic sclerosis]]''		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Connective tissue disorders\|Connective tissue disorders]] - ''e.g. [[Special:MyLanguage/scleroderma\|systemic sclerosis]]''
	*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''		*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''



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	*Esophageal Manometry		*Esophageal Manometry
	[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]		[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]



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	*Patients need to eat upright at all times.		*Patients need to eat upright at all times.
	*Treatment may improve dysphagia, but there is no cure and swallowing never completely normalizes		*Treatment may improve dysphagia, but there is no cure and swallowing never completely normalizes



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	*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]



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	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]

	</translate>		</translate>

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T21:32:06Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:32, 4 January 2026
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			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]		[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
	[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]		[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
Line 5:		Line 9:
	*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state		*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state
	of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>		of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*[[Dysphagia]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysphagia\|Dysphagia]]
	*Regurgitation		*Regurgitation
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Chest pain\|Chest pain]]
	**Esophageal spasm can feel like tight, crushing retrosternal pain similar to ACS		**Esophageal spasm can feel like tight, crushing retrosternal pain similar to ACS


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
	*[[Ingested foreign body]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]
	*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''		*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''
	*Reflux [[esophagitis]] - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''		*Reflux [[Special:MyLanguage/esophagitis\|esophagitis]] - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''
	*Pseudoachalasia - ''underlying malignancy mimics achalasia''		*Pseudoachalasia - ''underlying malignancy mimics achalasia''
	*[[Connective tissue disorders]] - ''e.g. [[scleroderma\|systemic sclerosis]]''		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Connective tissue disorders\|Connective tissue disorders]] - ''e.g. [[Special:MyLanguage/scleroderma\|systemic sclerosis]]''
	*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''		*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''


	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==

	*Upper GI		*Upper GI
	**Esophageal dilatation		**Esophageal dilatation
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	*Esophageal Manometry		*Esophageal Manometry
	[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]		[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]


	==Management==		==Management==

	*Trial of antispasmodic for esophageal spasm		*Trial of antispasmodic for esophageal spasm
	**[[Nifedipine]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Nifedipine\|Nifedipine]]
	*Surgical intervention		*Surgical intervention
	**Balloon dilatation		**Balloon dilatation
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	*Patients need to eat upright at all times.		*Patients need to eat upright at all times.
	*Treatment may improve dysphagia, but there is no cure and swallowing never completely normalizes		*Treatment may improve dysphagia, but there is no cure and swallowing never completely normalizes


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Ingested foreign body]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ingested foreign body\|Ingested foreign body]]


	==External Links==		==External Links==


	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
			</translate>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2024-02-07T22:33:52Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:33, 7 February 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
			[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
			[[File:Illu esophagus.jpg\|thumb\|Esophagus anatomy and nomenclature based on two systems.]]
	*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state		*Inability of LES to relax and loss of normal peristalsis <ref>Krill JT, Naik RD, Vaezi MF. Clinical management of achalasia: current state
	of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>		of the art. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831602/ Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 4;9:71-82.]</ref>

ClaireLewis at 18:10, 29 September 2019

2019-09-29T18:10:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 29 September 2019
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	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*Dysphagia		*[[Dysphagia]]
	*Regurgitation		*Regurgitation
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Chest pain]]
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	*[[Ingested foreign body]]		*[[Ingested foreign body]]
	*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''		*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''
	*Reflux esophagitis - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''		*Reflux [[esophagitis]] - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''
	*Pseudoachalasia - ''underlying malignancy mimics achalasia''		*Pseudoachalasia - ''underlying malignancy mimics achalasia''
	*Connective tissue disorders - ''e.g. systemic sclerosis''		*[[Connective tissue disorders]] - ''e.g. [[scleroderma\|systemic sclerosis]]''
	*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''		*Esophageal spasm - ''chest pain a predominant feature''

Line 22:		Line 22:
	**Birds beak sign		**Birds beak sign
	[[File:Birds Beak.JPG\|thumbnail\|Barrium swallow showing birds beak appearance]]		[[File:Birds Beak.JPG\|thumbnail\|Barrium swallow showing birds beak appearance]]

	*Esophageal Manometry		*Esophageal Manometry
	[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]		[[File:Manometry.jpg\|thumbnail\|Aperistaltic contractions, increased intraesophageal pressure, and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.]]

	==Management==		==Management==
	*Trial of antispasmodic for [[~~Esophageal Spasm~~]]		*Trial of antispasmodic for esophageal spasm
	**Nifedipine		**[[Nifedipine]]
	*Surgical intervention		*Surgical intervention
	**~~Baloon~~ dilatation		**Balloon dilatation
	**Botulinum toxin injection <ref>Nassri A, Ramzan Z. Pharmacotherapy for the management of achalasia: Current status, challenges and future directions. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635155/ 2015 Nov 6;6(4):145-55.]</ref>		**Botulinum toxin injection <ref>Nassri A, Ramzan Z. Pharmacotherapy for the management of achalasia: Current status, challenges and future directions. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635155/ 2015 Nov 6;6(4):145-55.]</ref>
	**Myomectomy		**Myomectomy

Mholtz at 03:56, 19 July 2017

2017-07-19T03:56:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:56, 19 July 2017
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	*Regurgitation		*Regurgitation
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Chest pain]]
	**Esophageal spasm can be tight, crushing retrosternal ~~much like~~ ACS		**Esophageal spasm can feel like tight, crushing retrosternal pain similar to ACS

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Josgood: /* Clinical Features */

2017-07-18T17:16:51Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:16, 18 July 2017
Line 7:		Line 7:
	*Regurgitation		*Regurgitation
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Chest pain]]
	**Esophageal spasm can be ~~eight~~, crushing retrosternal much like ACS		**Esophageal spasm can be tight, crushing retrosternal much like ACS

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2017-02-18T21:16:09Z

Differential Diagnosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 18 February 2017
Line 10:		Line 10:

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
			*[[Ingested foreign body]]
	*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''		*Esophageal carcinoma - ''dysphagia predominantly for solid foods during initial stages''
	*Reflux esophagitis - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''		*Reflux esophagitis - ''dysphagia results from inflammatory swelling or a fibrotic stricture''

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2017-02-18T21:15:34Z

Rossdonaldson1: /* See Also */

2017-02-18T20:47:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:15, 18 February 2017
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[~~Esophageal~~ foreign body]]		*[[Ingested foreign body]]

	==External Links==		==External Links==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 18 February 2017
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
			*[[Esophageal foreign body]]

	==External Links==		==External Links==